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The Mask and Wig Club, a private club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1889, is the oldest all-male collegiate musical comedy troupe in the United States. Created as an alternative to the existing theatrical and dramatic outlets at the University of Pennsylvania, Mask and Wig has presented comedy, music, and dancing to the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and audiences across the country. Its credo is "Justice to the stage; credit to the University."〔https://www.scribd.com/doc/2908635/Some-Fifty-Odd-Years-of-The-Mask-and-Wig-Club-1889-1941〕 The club's performers, or "The Cast," put on two all-original shows each year in collaboration with the Club's own Stage Crew, Band, and Business Staff. Many Mask and Wig originals were made famous on the radio by mid 20th century luminaries. The well-known "Route 66" was composed by club member Bobby Troup〔http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/1994/02/24/Resources/Still.Laughing-2180040.shtml,〕 and launched to the height of popularity by Frank Sinatra. Troup's song "Daddy" was written for a Mask and Wig show.〔http://secondhandsongs.com/work/60718〕 Other Mask and Wig songs, such as "The Gypsy in My Soul," written by Clay Boland and Moe Jaffe, have been performed by the likes of Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey, and Ella Fitzgerald. The first electrically recorded album ever released was Mask and Wig's "Joan of Arkansas," in April 1925.〔http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/recording-industry/〕 ==History== The Mask and Wig Club of the University of Pennsylvania was first conceived of in 1888 by a small group of undergraduates, led by Clayton Fotterall McMichael, who were interested in the stage and desired something the University did not offer: a troupe that would produce original humorous theatrical pieces.〔https://www.scribd.com/doc/2908635/Some-Fifty-Odd-Years-of-The-Mask-and-Wig-Club-1889-1941〕 In 1889, therefore, McMichael and the other original founders sent out a call for undergraduate men to audition for the group and participate in the creation and production of its first performance.〔https://www.scribd.com/doc/2908635/Some-Fifty-Odd-Years-of-The-Mask-and-Wig-Club-1889-1941〕 McMichael and his peers envisioned a group that involved dressing up in frocks and performing spoofs and parodies. Because colleges at the time were open only to young gentlemen any production was limited to an all–male cast. These organizations naturally saw burlesque, which was quite popular in that era, as the perfect genre. The overblown characterizations, loose plotting, musical interludes, and parody of high art made the style perfect for a group of young, well-educated, amateur men, especially since the drag tradition came "built-in."〔 Founder McMichael combed the local bookstores for a story to produce and found it in Henry Byron's The Nymphs of the Lurleyburg. With a little pirating and a bit of imagination, "Lurline," the Club's first production, hit the boards at the Chestnut Street Opera House on June 4, 1889, for one night only. Backed financially by the ladies of Philadelphia high society, the Club enjoyed great success in its early years. With increasingly reliable audience turnout and revenue from ticket sale, the runs were extended and the Club established a fine tradition among Philadelphia's theater–going society. Moreover, the club also made a very strong impression on campus and it achieved great notoriety within its first year of existence.〔http://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upm/upm7100/1890record.pdf〕 In 1894 the Club purchased a property at 310 South Quince Street to serve as a gathering place and rehearsal hall, the Mask and Wig Clubhouse. The building had been erected by the first African-American Lutheran congregation in America as St. Paul's Lutheran Church in 1834, but had been sold in 1839〔http://articles.philly.com/1998-02-22/news/25754844_1_storefront-church-evangelical-lutheran-church-pastor-jones〕 and converted into a coachhouse and stable, and later into a dissecting room for medical students. Prominent Philadelphia architect Wilson Eyre was commissioned to remodel the building, and hired the young Maxfield Parrish, who would later become one of the greatest illustrators of the 20th century, to decorate the interior. The Grille Room was decorated with caricatures of members; a tradition that continues today, with the second century of members' caricatures continued upstairs at the entrance to the auditorium. Eyre expanded the clubhouse to its present size, 1901-03. The Club prospered throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The middle of this century was a heady time for the Club. Mask and Wig songs were the rage of the big band orchestras, radio shows, and solo acts of the day. The likes of Frank Sinatra, Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Rosemary Clooney, and Les Brown all covered Mask and Wig tunes. Between 1952 and 1958, the club appeared four times on The Ed Sullivan Show.〔http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0040053/fullcredits#cast〕 The 1961 production, ''Wry on the Rocks'', introduced a satirical revue format in a cabaret atmosphere.〔http://archive.maskandwig.com/Annual%20Productions/1961%20Wry%20on%20the%20Rocks/Wry%20on%20the%20Rocks%20-%20Program.pdf〕 In 1992, with ''Myth America'', Mask and Wig returned the student–written book musical to its stage, a practice which continues to this day.〔http://archive.maskandwig.com/Annual%20Productions/1992%20Myth%20America/Myth%20America%20-%20Progam.pdf〕 Important in the show's success are the traditional high standards in the caliber of performers and excellence of the material performed. The Club's primary purpose has always been and continues to be, "Justice to the stage; credit to the University."〔http://www.maskandwig.com/about/〕 Immediately after the end of World War II the Mask and Wig dormitory on the residence quadrangle was used to house a U.S. Army unit assigned to quickly learn the Japanese language. Upon the completion of the study the soldiers were to be commissioned in the U.S. Army and serve in the Counterintelligence Corps (CIC) of the Army in Japan. This army unit had classes in the University in the Egyptian Antiquities room while being scrutinized by several mummies. Classes were also held in the Wharton School of Business. Jerry Epple, a member of the Army Specialized Training Program, says he remembers to this day the stone carving of a mask and wig near the dormitory entrance.〔http://www.astpww2.org/main/memoirs_2.htm〕 Today, Mask and Wig maintains its position as one of the premier extracurricular activities on the Penn campus. Its yearly tour over spring break brings the show to alumni clubs across the nation.〔http://www.maskandwig.com/home/shows/floorshow.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mask and Wig」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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